Ketotifen Fumarate Pharmaceutical Anabolic Steroids For Antiasthmatic
Базовая информация.
наименование товара: Ketotifen fumarate
КЕЙС: 34580-14-8
MF: C23H23NO5S
МВт: 425.5
Чистота: 98%
EINECS: 252-100-0
Характеристики: white or pale yellow crystalline powder
использование: Antiasthmatic; antiallergic.
Catalogue: Pharmaceutical materials drug
Описание
Ketotifen fumarate is a kind of strong anti-allergic drugs containing simultaneously of both tricyclic structure as well as piperidine structure. It is characterized by both a strong antagonism effect on histamine H1 receptor and inhibitory effect of the release of the mediator of allergic reaction. It can inhibit the release various kinds of mediators of mast cells, basophils and macrophages, including the release of slow reacting substances and other active substances. It also has antagonism effect on the calcium ion; can inhibit the activity of phosphodiesterase; increase the intracellular cAMP level inside mast cells. Кроме того, it can also inhibiting the chemotaxis and inflammation of neutrophil with an effect 10 times as strong as that of chlorpheniramine, and it also has a long duration time which is better compared with sodium cromolyn. Ketotifen fumarate has therapeutic effect on both Ⅰ and Ⅲ type of allergic reaction. Its peak blood concentrations can sustain for 2 к 3 hours with a half-life of 22 hours during which 60% goes through urinary excretion, 40% goes through the fecal excretion. Children usually have a faster excretion rate of it than adults. Long-term treatment will not cause resistance. No rebound phenomenon will occur with interruption of treatment.
заявка
It has been more than 20 years since ketotifen fumarate have been applied to the prevention and treatment of asthma and childhood asthma. It is a kind of drug with dual effect of both prevention and treatment in the prevention and treatment of asthma and childhood asthma. It should be particularly noted that ketotifen had ever taken as the long-term controlling drug of asthma and childhood long-term asthma and was subject to wide application in many countries. Since the early 1980s, ketotifen fumarate had already been applied in Western Europe, Asia, and China for the prevention and treatment of asthma and asthma in children. But since entering into 21st century, the annual applied amount has decreased year by year. Because of its side effect of inhibition of the central nervous system, its oral tablet currently has still not approved by the FDA and thus failing to enter the US market with only ketotifen fumarate eye drops had been approved by the FDA in 1999. Recent studies have also shown the effectiveness of ketotifen asthma still demands further studies. Кроме того, ketotifen fumarate has several additional advantages. Провирон — пероральный анаболический стероид., it can cause sleepiness of the schoolchildren and thus being able to affect their academic performance; второй, it can also do harm to the mental development of infants and young children. Thirdly, it is also be able to affect the metabolism of sustained-release tea and thus negatively affecting its anti-inflammatory effects of theophylline. For all the above points, it is not recommended by the GINA (affiliated organization of WHO) to apply ketotifen fumarate for the treatment and prevention of asthma and childhood asthma. But from the perspective of clinical economics, ketotifen fumarate is a suitable anti-allergic drug for being applied in developing countries and rural areas for treating asthma and childhood asthma with certain efficacy due to its relative low price.
Химические свойства
This product is white (or light-yellow) кристаллический порошок, and is odorless with bitter taste. It is slightly soluble in water and ethanol, and easily soluble in methanol but very slightly soluble in chloroform and acetone.
Показания
Dermatology applies it to the treatment of allergic diseases such as urticaria, pruritus, экзема, atopic dermatitis, and neurodermatitis; it is recently reported that it is also effective in the treatment of scleroderma. For medicine, it has a good efficacy in treating asthma, especially with a significant effect on treating allergic asthma, followed by mixed asthma, and being effective in half of cases for infecting type. It can also be used for the prevention of asthma.
Фармакологическое действие
The pharmacological effect of ketotifen fumarate is very complicated. It has achieved a certain efficacy in the prevention and treatment of asthma and childhood asthma. But the detailed mechanism of its pharmacology remains to be unclear. From the current research information, the pharmacological mechanisms of ketotifen fumarate in treating asthma and childhood asthma include the following several aspects:
1. Antagonizing effect on inflammatory mediators: Clinical studies have already demonstrated that ketotifen fumarate can effectively inhibit the histamine-induced bronchospasm with its intensity being comparable to Azelastine, suggesting that ketotifen fumarate has strong histamine antagonistic effect. Modern studies have shown that ketotifen fumarate may also other inflammatory mediators such as antagonize leukotrienes and platelet activating factor. From this perspective, it is considered that ketotifen is a drug which can antagonize a variety of inflammatory mediators. This may be the primary mechanism for its prevention and treatment of asthma as well as childhood asthma.
2. The membrane protective effect of mast cells/basophils: the related pharmacological studies of ketotifen fumarate have confirmed that it can inhibit mast cell /basophil cells to release inflammatory mediators such as histamine, leukotrienes and platelet activating factor, suggesting that it has a strong membrane protective effects on mast cells/basophils membrane. This may be the major mechanism underlying the dual property of ketotifen fumarate for being able to both prevent and treat the asthma and childhood asthma.
3. The inhibition of airway inflammatory cell infiltration: fumarate ketotifen can inhibit the infiltration of the airways of eosinophil and neutrophil. тем не мение, the mechanism remains to be unclear.
4. Regulation of T cell activity: ketotifen fumarate can inhibit the biosynthesis of intracellular lgE through regulating the release activity of CD4 + and CD8 + lymphocytes. The mechanisms of inhibition of the biosynthesis of lgE and the above two mechanisms determines the airway anti-inflammatory effects of ketotifen fumarate.
5. Other effects: Some studies have suggested that ketotifen fumarate can reverse the low-regulation of β2-receptor caused by the long-term administration of β2-receptor agonist and also increase the density of airway β2-receptor as well as enhance the effect of β2-receptor. Some studies have also suggested that ketotifen fumarate also having blocking effect on the calcium channels.
Побочные эффекты
The most severe side effect of ketotifen fumarate is its inhibitory effect on central nerve system such as causing sleepiness or fatigue, слабость. This side effect is more significant in adults and is one of the major reasons for limiting its clinical application. The resulted sense of lethargy or fatigue, weakness may reduce the life quality of asthma patients as well as children with asthma. Обычно, after continuous administration of 1-4 недели, the side effect of suppression of the central nerve system can significantly reduce and even gradually disappear. Clinical observation has found that combination with theophylline can reduce the central nerve inhibitory effect of ketotifen fumarate as well as offset the stimulus effect on central nerve system of theophylline. But it still demands further observation to demonstrate whether there exist synergistic anti-inflammatory between them. Clinical observations have already confirmed children who administering ketotifen fumarate usually get no significant inhibition of the central nervous system and at most cause only the lower concentration of children’s mind. This is still true even the children subject to an adult dose. тем не мение, this mechanism is still unclear. In the clinical observation on the asthma adults patients as well as children patients who subject to 2-year continuous oral administration, wood et al have confirmed that long-term administration of ketotifen fumarate caused no other serious side effects without affecting the liver and kidney function as well as peripheral blood cell counts. It is also not easy to produce drug resistance issues. Usually after continuous oral administration of ketotifen fumarate for six weeks, we can begin to gradually withdraw or reduce the amount of bronchial spasm agent or corticosteroids. Discontinuation of treatment after long-term treatment has not resulted in rebound phenomenon. Следовательно, the comprehensive evaluation of the drug is that: ketotifen fumarate is an anti-asthma drug with central nervous inhibition effect (this side effect can gradually adapt), but is relatively safe and effective with certain anti-inflammatory properties and being relatively inexpensive. тем не мение, because it has not approved by the FDA, it should be applied with caution in clinical practice.
Товары
Тестостерона ацетат |
Тренболона ацетат |
MGF |
Тестостерон ципионат |
Тренболон энантат |
ПЭГ MGF |
Деканоат тестостерона |
Болденона ацетат |
CJC-1295 |
Тестостерон энантат |
Болденона ундециленат |
CJC-1295 ЦАП |
Тестостерон изокапроат |
Болденон Ципионат |
ПТ-141 |
ТестостеронФенилпропионат |
Болденон пропионат |
Меланотан-1 |
Тестостерон пропионат |
Нандролон Деканоат |
Меланотан-2 |
Тестостерон ундеканоат |
Фенилпропионат нандролона |
GHRP-2 |
Местерон |
Нандролон ундецилат |
GHRP-6 |
Тестостерон Сустанон 250 |
Ципионат нандролона |
Ипаморелин |
Клостебола ацетат |
Нандролон пропионат |
Гексарелин |
Метиландростанолон |
Метилтриенолон |
Серморелин |
Метенолон энантат |
Дростанолон пропионат |
Окситоцин |
Метенолона ацетат |
Дростанолон энантат |
TB500 |
Анадрол |
Станолон |
Фрагмент 176-191 |
Анавар |
Тадалафил |
Трипторелин |
Винстрол |
Варденафил |
Тесаморелин |
Кломифена цитрат |
Дианабол |
Гонадорелин |
Цитрат торемифена |
Тамоксифен цитрат |
DSIP |
Финастерид |
Дапоксетина гидрохлорид |
Селанк |
Peptides Specification:
Имя |
Технические характеристики |
Имя |
Технические характеристики |
MGF |
2мг / флакон |
Гексарелин |
2мг / флакон |
ПЭГ MGF |
2мг / флакон |
Серморелин |
2мг / флакон |
CJC-1295 с ЦАП |
2мг / флакон |
Окситоцин |
2мг / флакон |
CJC-1295 без ЦАП |
2мг / флакон |
TB500 |
2мг / флакон |
ПТ-141 |
10мг / флакон |
БПЦ 157 |
2мг / флакон |
МТ-1(Меланотан) |
10мг / флакон |
176-191 |
2мг / флакон |
МТ-2 |
10мг / флакон |
Трипторелин |
2мг / флакон |
GHRP-2 |
5мг / флакон |
Тесаморелин |
2мг / флакон |
GHRP-2 |
10мг / флакон |
Гонадорелин |
2мг / флакон |
GHRP-6 |
5мг / флакон |
Гонадорелин |
10мг / флакон |
GHRP-6 |
10мг / флакон |
DSIP |
2мг / флакон |
Ипаморелин |
2мг / флакон |
Селанк |
5мг / флакон |
Полуфабрикатный раствор стероидов:
Тестостерон энантат(Примотестон) |
250Инъекционные стероиды жидкие серии Ripex / 300Инъекционные стероиды жидкие серии Ripex |
Тестостерон пропионат |
100Инъекционные стероиды жидкие серии Ripex |
Тестостерон ципионат |
250Инъекционные стероиды жидкие серии Ripex / 300Инъекционные стероиды жидкие серии Ripex |
Тестостерон Сустанон 250 |
200Инъекционные стероиды жидкие серии Ripex / 250Инъекционные стероиды жидкие серии Ripex |
Тестостерон Супертест 450 |
450Инъекционные стероиды жидкие серии Ripex |
Нандролон Деканоат (ДЕТИ) |
200 / 250 / 300Инъекционные стероиды жидкие серии Ripex |
Тренболона ацетат |
100Инъекционные стероиды жидкие серии Ripex |
Тренболон энантат(парабола) |
200Инъекционные стероиды жидкие серии Ripex |
Дростанолон пропионат (также уменьшить жировые отложения) |
100Инъекционные стероиды жидкие серии Ripex |
Болденон ундесиленат (Equipoise) |
200Инъекционные стероиды жидкие серии Ripex / 300Инъекционные стероиды жидкие серии Ripex |
Метенолона ацетат (Большинство людей считают полезным прием гормона Т-3, так как его уровень, как правило, падает при наличии трена.) |
100Инъекционные стероиды жидкие серии Ripex |
Аномасса |
400Инъекционные стероиды жидкие серии Ripex |
Инъекционные стероиды жидкие серии Ripex |
225Инъекционные стероиды жидкие серии Ripex |
Большинство людей считают полезным прием гормона Т-3, так как его уровень, как правило, падает при наличии трена. |
180Инъекционные стероиды жидкие серии Ripex |
Более |
Более |
Related Peptides:
Peptides List |
Технические характеристики |
MGF |
2мг |
ПЭГ MGF |
2мг |
CJC-1295 с ЦАП |
2мг |
CJC-1295 без ЦАП |
2мг |
ПТ-141 |
10мг |
МТ-1(Меланотан-1) |
10мг |
МТ-2(Меланотан-2) |
10мг |
GHRP-2 |
5мг |
GHRP-2 |
10мг |
GHRP-6 |
5мг |
GHRP-6 |
10мг |
Ипаморелин |
2мг |
Гексарелин |
2мг |
Серморелин |
2мг |
Окситоцин |
1g/2mg |
TB500 |
2мг |
пентадекапептид BPC 157 |
2мг |
Трипторелин |
2мг |
Тесаморелин |
2мг |
Гонадорелин |
2мг |
Гонадорелин |
10мг |
DSIP |
2мг |
Селанк |
5мг |
Эпиталон |
10мг |
АОД-9604 |
2мг |
ТУЗ 031 |
1мг |
ГДФ-8 |
1мг(-20ºC) |
Thyrotropin TRH |
1г |
Фоллистатин 315 |
1мг(-20ºC) |
Фоллистатин 344 |
1мг(-20ºC) |
Deslorelin |
20мг |
Adipotide |
2мг |
Alarelin Acetate |
79561-22-1 |
Angiotensin Acetate |
58-49-1 |
Argpressin Acetate |
113-79-1 |
Aviptadil Acetate |
40077-57-4 |
Bivalirudin Trifluoroacetate |
128270-60-0 |
Deslorelin Acetate |
57773-65-6 |
Desmopressin Acetate |
16679-58-6 |
Eledoisin Acetate |
69-25-0 |
Eptifibatide Acetate |
148031-34-9 |
Felypressin Acetate |
56-59-7 |
GLP-1 (7-37) Ацетат |
106612-94-6 |
Taspoglutide |
275371-94-3 |
Glucagon Hydrochloride |
16941-32-5 |
Lixisenatide |
320367-13-3 |
гонадорелина ацетат |
34973-08-5 |
Leuprorelin Acetate |
53714-56-0 |
Lysipressin Acetate |
50-57-7 |
Nafarelin Acetate |
76932-56-4 |
Octreotide |
79517-01-4 |
Ornipressin Acetate |
3397-23-7 |
Secretin Acetate |
108135-74-8 |
Somatostatin Acetate |
38916-34-6 |
Splenopentin Acetate |
105184-37-0 |
Terlipressin Acetate |
14636-12-5 |
Teriparatide Acetate |
52232-67-4 |
Трипторелина ацетат |
57773-63-4 |
Vasopressin Acetate |
9034-50-8 |
Bate-Amyloid(1-42)human |
107761-42-2 |
Abarelix Acetate |
183552-38-7 |
Endothelin-1 Acetate |
117399-94-7 |
CRF (human, rat) Ацетат |
86784-80-7 |
CRF (ovine) Trifluoroacetate |
79804-71-0 |
Dynorphin A (1-13) Ацетат |
72957-38-1 |
Enfuvirtide Acetate (T-20) |
159519-65-0 |
Fertirelin Acetate |
38234-21-8 |
ГРФ (human) Ацетат |
83930-13-6 |
Liraglutide |
204656-20-2 |
Dalmarelin Acetate |
61012-19-9 |
Nesiritide Acetate (BNP-32) |
114471-18-0 |
Pramlintide Acetate |
196078-30-5 |
Salmon Calcitonin Acetate |
47931-85-1 |
tesamorelin |
106612-94-6 |
Tetracosactide Acetate (АКТГ 1-24) |
16960-16-0 |
Тимозина α1 ацетат |
14636-12-5 |
Thymosin β4 Acetate |
77591-33-4 |
Atosiban Acetate |
90779-69-4 |
Cetrorelix Acetate |
130143-01-0 |
Exenatide Acetate |
141732-76-5 |
Histrelin Acetate |
76712-82-8 |
Taltirelin Acetate |
103300-74-9 |
Vapreotide Acetate |
116430-60-5 |
Gonaderelin |
33515-09-2 |
Cecropin B |
80451-05-4 |
окситоцина ацетат |
50-56-6 |
Sincalide |
25126-32-3 |
Protirelin |
24305-27-9 |
Ganirelix acetate |
123246-29-7 |
SARM:
Древности (МК-2866) |
КЕЙС: 841205-47-8 |
Кардарин (GW-501516) |
КЕЙС: 317318-70-0 |
Андарин (S4) |
КЕЙС: 401900-40-1 |
Лигандрол (LGD-4033) |
КЕЙС: 1165910-22-4 |
Ибутаморен (МК-677) |
КЕЙС: 159752-10-0 |
RAD140 |
КЕЙС: 118237-47-0 |
SR9009 |
КЕЙС: 1379686-30-2 |
YK11 |
КЕЙС: 431579-34-9 |